Civita di Bagnoregio, often called “the dying town,” stands as a breathtaking medieval village perched on a tuff hill in Italy’s Lazio region. Known for its stunning views and unique architecture, Civita represents both beauty and fragility due to ongoing erosion that threatens its existence.
Historical Overview
The Etruscans founded Civita di Bagnoregio over 2,500 years ago. Its strategic location between the Rio Chiaro and Rio Torbido rivers made it an important hub for trade and communication in ancient times. Civita thrived during the Etruscan and Roman periods, hosting a vibrant community with significant religious and civil structures.
Natural disasters, however, destabilized the town. Frequent seismic activity caused landslides and erosion over the centuries. By the 17th century, many residents had already begun to leave due to these risks, and in 1819, a mass evacuation followed as conditions worsened. Today, only around 16 people live in Civita, making it one of Italy’s least populated towns.
Geography and Access
Located about 120 kilometers north of Rome, Civita di Bagnoregio lies in the province of Viterbo. You can only access the town via a narrow pedestrian bridge that stretches 300 meters, connecting it to the nearby town of Bagnoregio. The current bridge, built in 1965 after World War II destroyed the original one, now requires visitors to pay a small toll, which helps fund preservation efforts.
The dramatic Valle dei Calanchi surrounds Civita, featuring deep ravines and chalky cliffs that resemble a mini-Grand Canyon. Visitors enjoy spectacular panoramic views of Italy’s rolling valleys and hills.
Architectural Features
Civita di Bagnoregio, one of Italy’s best-preserved medieval gems, displays architecture that reflects its Etruscan roots. The town’s grid layout mimics the ancient Roman design, and key landmarks include:
Porta Santa Maria
Civita’s main entrance, decorated with sculptures of lions clutching human heads, symbolizing victory over past tyrants.
Church of San Donato (Chiesa di San Donato)
Standing in the main square, this Romanesque church dates back to the 8th century and contains important artworks, including a 15th-century wooden crucifix.
Grotta di San Bonaventura
A significant historical site where it is said that St. Francis healed a young boy named Giovanni di Fidanza, who later became St. Bonaventure.
Civita di Bagnoregio’s charm lies not only in its historical landmarks but also in its overall atmosphere. As you wander through the village, charming Renaissance buildings and traditional low-rise houses line the narrow streets, offering a glimpse into the town’s rich past. These structures, many of which have stood for centuries, actively showcase the town’s vibrant history and blend seamlessly with its medieval architecture, creating a truly immersive experience for visitors.
Cultural Significance
Civita di Bagnoregio belongs to “I Borghi più belli d’Italia” (The Most Beautiful Villages of Italy), recognizing its cultural importance and striking landscape. In 2019, Civita earned a candidacy for UNESCO World Heritage status. This effort aims to secure funding for conservation projects that protect the village’s distinct character.
Events and Festivals
Civita hosts several cultural events throughout the year:
- Civit’arte Festival: This arts and music festival attracts artists from different fields.
- Presepe Vivente: During Christmas, locals transform Civita into a living nativity scene, re-creating a biblical Bethlehem.
These events celebrate local culture while attracting global tourists, boosting the local economy and raising awareness about Civita’s fragile state.from around the globe, contributing to Civita’s economy while raising awareness about its fragile state.
Tourism
Tourism fuels Civita’s economy. Despite its small population, the village welcomes hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. Tourists stroll along its historic streets and enjoy meals in quaint restaurants, where they can sample local Italian delicacies like truffles and handmade pasta.
Exploring Civita’s narrow alleyways, hidden squares, artisan shops, and breathtaking viewpoints gives visitors a deep appreciation of Italy’s rich history and cultural heritage.
Civita di Bagnoregio, located in the heart of Italy, stands as a testament to human perseverance against nature’s forces. Its rich history, stunning architecture, and awe-inspiring landscapes make it a must-see destination for anyone exploring Italy. Ongoing preservation efforts ensure that Civita will continue to enchant visitors for generations to come.